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Demographics of Bangladesh

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Demographics of Bangladesh
Bangladesh population pyramid in 2020
PopulationIncrease 172,954,319 (2023)[1]
Growth rate+1.21% (2023 est.)[2][3]
Birth rate20.35/1000 (2023)[4]
Death rate5.01/1000 (2023)[5]
Life expectancyDecrease73.1 years (2021)[6]
 • maleSteady71.6 years (2021)[7]
 • femaleDecrease74.6 years (2021)[8]
Fertility rateSteady2.16 children born/woman (2023)[9]
Infant mortality rate22.8 deaths/1,000 live births[10]
Nationality
NationalityBangladeshi
Major ethnicBengalis (99%)[11]
Minor ethnicChakma,
Tripuri,
Marma,
Mundas,
Garos (Achiks),
Oraons,
Santhals,
Mro,
Meitei people (Manipuri people,
Zomi, Bihari
,Khasi
Language
OfficialStandard Bengali
SpokenBengali and its dialects

Bangladesh is the eighth-most populated country in the world with almost 2.2% of the world's population. As per the final results of the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, the country's population is 169,828,911.[12] Bangladesh has one of the highest population densities in the world.

Bangladesh (previously East Pakistan between 1947 and 1971 and East Bengal before 1947) is largely ethnically homogeneous and its name derives from the Bengali ethno-linguistic group which comprises 99% of the population. The Chittagong Hill Tracts, Sylhet, Mymensingh, Barisal and North Bengal regions are home to diverse tribal peoples. There are many dialects of Bengali spoken throughout the region. The dialect spoken by those in Chittagong and Sylhet are particularly distinctive. About (91.04%) of Bangladeshis are Muslims, followed by Hindus (largest-minority) at (7.95%), Buddhists (0.61%) and Christians (0.30%) and others (0.12%) as per 2022 census.

Bangladesh has one of the highest population densities in the world. The total fertility rate (TFR) has been reduced by more than two thirds since Independence. The current TFR in Bangladesh is 1.930 per woman,[13] globally considered to be below the benchmark for replacement level fertility.

At this TFR and without migration, Bangladesh's population is expected to soon reach a stage where it neither grows nor shrinks, once the top of its age pyramid fills in.[14]

Population

[edit]
Demographic evolution of the population of Bangladesh (1900–2010).

The April 2023 total population was 169,532,362, which makes Bangladesh the eighth-most populous country in the world.

Population growth rate

[edit]
A view of Paltan and Segunbagicha areas in Dhaka in 2017

Bangladesh had high rates of population growth in the 1960s and 1970s. Since then however it has seen significant reduction in its total fertility rate. Over a period of three decades it dropped from almost 7 to 2 in 2005–2018.[15]

Census

[edit]

The latest decennial census was conducted by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics in 2022.[12]

Population of Bangladesh[16]
Census date Census population
(millions)		 Adjusted population
(millions)
1801 14.5
1851 20.3
1901 28.928
1911 31.555
1921 33.255
1931 35.602
1941 41.997
1951 41.932
1961 50.840
1974 71.479 76.398
1981 87.120 89.912
1991 106.313 111.455
2001 124.355 130.523
2011 142.319 152.518
2022 165.159 169.829

UN estimates

[edit]
Year[15] Total population (millions) Population percentage
aged 0–14 aged 15–64 aged 65+
1950 37.895
41.2%
54.8%
3.9%
1955 43.444
42.4%
54.1%
3.5%
1960 50.102
43.6%
53.1%
3.3%
1965 57.792
44.7%
52.0%
3.3%
1970 66.881
44.7%
51.8%
3.4%
1975 70.582
45.8%
50.7%
3.5%
1980 80.624
45.0%
51.4%
3.6%
1985 92.284
43.9%
52.5%
3.6%
1990 105.256
42.5%
53.8%
3.7%
1995 117.487
40.3%
55.9%
3.8%
2000 127.658
37.0%
59.2%
3.9%
2005 139.036
34.4%
61.3%
4.3%
2010 147.575
32.0%
63.2%
4.8%
2015 156.256
29.3%
65.6%
5.1%
2020 164.689
26.8%
68.0%
5.2%

Population by sex and age group

[edit]

[17][18]

Population by sex and age group (Census 15.III.2011):

Age group Male Female Total %
Total 72 109 796 71 933 901 144 043 697 100
0–4 7 638 523 7 423 447 15 061 970 10.46
5–9 9 322 514 8 850 715 18 173 229 12.62
10–14 8 614 889 8 031 726 16 646 615 11.56
15–19 6 509 492 6 352 398 12 861 890 8.93
20–24 5 777 370 7 522 419 13 299 789 9.23
25–29 6 225 252 7 254 256 13 479 508 9.36
30–34 5 079 106 5 420 659 10 499 765 7.29
35–39 4 697 349 4 859 079 9 556 428 6.63
40–44 4 280 923 3 980 739 8 261 662 5.74
45–49 3 363 273 3 016 800 6 380 073 4.43
50–54 2 952 596 2 599 675 5 552 271 3.85
55–59 1 923 534 1 577 463 3 500 997 2.43
60–64 2 081 306 1 852 708 3 934 014 2.73
65–69 1 149 569 963 921 2 113 490 1.47
70–74 1 206 398 1 025 314 2 231 712 1.55
75–79 488 338 386 389 874 727 0.61
80–84 443 239 436 840 880 079 0.61
85–89 138 268 124 343 262 611 0.18
90–94 116 916 133 273 250 189 0.17
95+ 100 941 121 737 222 678 0.15
Age group Male Female Total %
0–14 25 575 926 24 305 888 49 881 814 34.63
15–64 42 890 201 44 436 196 87 326 397 60.62
65+ 3 643 669 3 191 817 6 835 486 4.75

Population census by sex and age group (2022 census):

Age group Male Female Total %
Total 84 077 203 85 653 120 169 828 909 100
0–4 7 940 000 7 630 000 9.44
5–9 7 920 000 7 400 000 9.28
10–14 8 510 000 7 820 000 9.89
15–19 8 060 000 8 490 000 10.03
20–24 6 710 000 8 270 000 9.08
25–29 6 460 000 7 910 000 8.71
30–34 5 650 000 6 460 000 7.34
35–39 6 040 000 6 680 000 7.7
40–44 5 120 000 4 920 000 6.08
45–49 4 130 000 4 130 000 5.01
50–54 4 000 000 3 780 000 4.72
55–59 2 950 000 2 770 000 3.48
60–64 3 010 000 2 590 000 3.39
65–69 2 150 000 1 770 000 2.38
70–74 1 570 000 1 260 000 1.71
75–79 670 000 550 000 0.74
80+ 820 000 920 000 1.06
Age group Male Female Total Per cent
0–14 24 535 272 23 929 621 48 464 893 28.81
15–64 54 843 936 55 713 243 110 557 179 65.72
65+ 4 810 792 4 387 136 9 197 928 5.47

Gender ratio

[edit]
Age range (years) Sex ratio (males/females) (2015 est.)[19]
at birth 1.04
0–14 1.03
15–24 0.89
25–54 0.90
55–64 1.01
65 and over 0.97
total population 0.95

Urban and rural

[edit]

The sprawling mega-city of Dhaka has a huge population, but the majority of the people nonetheless still live in villages in rural areas.

Urban population: 37.4% of total population (2019 est.)
Rate of urbanisation: 3.13% annual rate of change (2019 est.)
Bangladesh is considered an urban country based on their population density[citation needed]

Population density

[edit]

Vital statistics

[edit]

UN estimates

[edit]

The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. Population estimates account for under numeration in population censuses.[20]

Year Mid-year population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Crude migration rate (per 1000) Total fertility rate (TFR) Infant mortality (per 1000 live births) Life expectancy (in years)
1950 39,729,000 1,848,000 1,072,000  776,000 46.5 27.0 19.5 6.30 219.2 38.18
1951   40,549,000  1,907,000  1,066,000   842,000 47.0 26.3 20.8 -0.2 6.34 213.6 38.86
1952   41,427,000  1,960,000  1,056,000   904,000 47.3 25.5 21.8 -0.1 6.35 208.1 39.69
1953   42,329,000  2,016,000  1,067,000   949,000 47.6 25.2 22.4 -0.6 6.38 203.1 39.94
1954   43,282,000  2,079,000  1,047,000  1,032,000 48.0 24.2 23.8 -1.3 6.44 197.6 41.16
1955   44,316,000  2,140,000  1,044,000  1,096,000 48.3 23.5 24.7 -0.8 6.49 192.8 41.89
1956   45,408,000  2,198,000  1,048,000  1,150,000 48.4 23.1 25.3 -0.7 6.53 188.4 42.42
1957   46,561,000  2,262,000  1,037,000  1,225,000 48.6 22.3 26.3 -0.9 6.57 183.5 43.41
1958   47,743,000  2,329,000  1,043,000  1,286,000 48.7 21.8 26.9 -1.5 6.62 179.5 43.93
1959   49,005,000  2,405,000  1,045,000  1,360,000 49.0 21.3 27.7 -1.3 6.71 175.4 44.60
1960   50,396,000  2,493,000  1,070,000  1,423,000 49.5 21.2 28.2 0.2 6.78 173.4 44.74
1961   51,883,000  2,574,000  1,064,000  1,510,000 49.6 20.5 29.1 0.4 6.83 168.3 45.66
1962   53,462,000  2,650,000  1,055,000  1,595,000 49.6 19.7 29.8 0.6 6.87 164.3 46.70
1963   55,094,000  2,704,000  1,084,000  1,620,000 49.1 19.7 29.4 1.1 6.84 162.6 46.66
1964   56,774,000  2,760,000  1,068,000  1,692,000 48.6 18.8 29.8 0.7 6.84 158.7 47.74
1965   58,500,000  2,816,000  1,130,000  1,686,000 48.2 19.3 28.8 1.6 6.83 159.0 46.86
1966   60,265,000  2,881,000  1,088,000  1,792,000 47.8 18.1 29.7 0.5 6.82 154.7 48.58
1967   62,104,000  2,966,000  1,107,000  1,859,000 47.8 17.8 29.9 0.6 6.85 153.3 48.87
1968   63,996,000  3,046,000  1,130,000  1,916,000 47.6 17.6 29.9 0.6 6.85 152.5 49.09
1969   65,867,000  3,134,000  1,159,000  1,975,000 47.5 17.6 29.9 -0.7 6.86 152.0 49.17
1970   67,542,000  3,209,000  1,509,000  1,701,000 47.4 22.3 25.1 0.3 6.88 165.3 42.59
1971   68,376,000  3,262,000 2,811,000 451,000 47.6 41.0 6.6 5.7 6.87 199.4 26.00
1972   69,347,000  3,300,000  1,189,000  2,112,000 47.5 17.1 30.4 -16.2 6.85 151.3 49.59
1973   71,145,000  3,349,000  1,211,000  2,137,000 47.0 17.0 30.0 -4.1 6.82 151.1 49.83
1974   72,948,000  3,414,000  1,275,000  2,139,000 46.7 17.4 29.2 -3.9 6.79 153.6 49.16
1975   74,700,000  3,461,000  1,246,000  2,215,000 46.2 16.6 29.5 -5.5 6.74 149.3 50.29
1976   76,380,000  3,540,000  1,260,000  2,280,000 46.2 16.4 29.7 -7.2 6.67 147.9 50.65
1977   78,138,000  3,610,000  1,266,000  2,344,000 46.1 16.1 29.9 -6.9 6.59 146.1 51.20
1978   80,008,000  3,661,000  1,289,000 2,372,000 45.6 16.1 29.5 -5.6 6.52 143.9 51.25
1979   81,908,000  3,735,000  1,306,000  2,429,000 45.5 15.9 29.6 -5.9 6.42 141.3 51.46
1980   83,930,000  3,793,000  1,313,000  2,479,000 45.1 15.6 29.5 -4.8 6.32 138.6 51.85
1981   86,155,000  3,859,000  1,324,000  2,535,000 44.7 15.4 29.4 -2.9 6.24 135.7 52.17
1982   88,555,000 3,922,000  1,332,000  2,590,000 44.3 15.0 29.2 -1.3 6.12 132.6 52.54
1983   91,045,000  3,899,000  1,327,000  2,572,000 42.8 14.6 28.2 -0.1 5.89 129.2 53.01
1984   93,534,000  3,914,000  1,318,000  2,596,000 41.8 14.1 27.7 -0.4 5.73 125.8 53.54
1985   95,959,000  3,913,000  1,317,000  2,597,000 40.7 13.7 27.0 -1.1 5.54 122.6 53.90
1986   98,272,000  3,880,000  1,301,000  2,579,000 39.4 13.2 26.2 -2.1 5.30 118.4 54.42
1987  100,490,000  3,858,000  1,286,000  2,572,000 38.3 12.8 25.6 -3.0 5.07 114.7 54.93
1988  102,689,000  3,803,000  1,290,000  2,513,000 37.0 12.5 24.4 -2.5 4.84 110.9 55.03
1989  104,894,000  3,801,000  1,299,000  2,501,000 36.2 12.4 23.8 -2.3 4.68 106.9 55.09
1990  107,148,000  3,750,000  1,257,000  2,492,000 35.0 11.7 23.2 -1.7 4.48 103.0 55.99
1991  109,243,000  3,660,000  1,375,000  2,285,000 33.4 12.6 20.9 -1.3 4.24 103.6 54.15
1992   111,272,000  3,604,000  1,178,000  2,426,000 32.4 10.6 21.8 -3.2 4.03 95.2 57.64
1993  113,419,000  3,579,000  1,174,000  2,404,000 31.5 10.3 21.2 -1.9 3.85 91.3 57.93
1994  115,615,000  3,627,000  1,153,000  2,474,000 31.3 10.0 21.4 -2.0 3.77 87.3 58.62
1995  117,793,000  3,593,000  1,120,000  2,472,000 30.5 9.5 21.0 -2.2 3.61 83.4 59.47
1996  119,877,000  3,597,000  1,138,000  2,458,000 30.0 9.5 20.5 -2.8 3.50 79.5 59.49
1997  122,039,000  3,692,000  1,047,000  2,646,000 30.2 8.6 21.6 -3.6 3.49 75.5 61.43
1998  124,350,000  3,711,000   936,000  2,775,000 29.8 7.5 22.3 -3.4 3.39 71.8 63.92
1999  126,755,000  3,723,000 846,000 2,877,000 29.3 6.7 22.7 -3.4 3.30 68.1 66.23
2000  129,193,000  3,747,000   887,000  2,860,000 29.0 6.9 22.1 -2.9 3.22 64.6 65.78
2001  131,670,000  3,756,000   890,000  2,866,000 28.5 6.8 21.7 -2.5 3.15 61.3 66.14
2002  134,140,000  3,758,000   886,000  2,872,000 28.0 6.6 21.4 -2.6 3.08 58.2 66.61
2003  136,503,000  3,736,000   896,000  2,841,000 27.3 6.5 20.8 -3.2 3.00 55.3 66.82
2004  138,790,000  3,697,000   896,000  2,801,000 26.6 6.4 20.1 -3.3 2.91 52.6 67.19
2005  140,913,000  3,603,000   908,000  2,696,000 25.5 6.4 19.1 -3.8 2.81 50.0 67.30
2006  142,629,000  3,529,000   930,000  2,600,000 24.6 6.5 18.2 -6.0 2.71 47.5 67.24
2007  144,136,000  3,467,000   982,000  2,485,000 24.0 6.8 17.2 -6.6 2.63 45.4 66.71
2008  145,421,000  3,379,000   979,000  2,400,000 23.1 6.7 16.4 -7.5 2.54 43.0 67.05
2009  146,707,000  3,275,000   972,000  2,302,000 22.3 6.6 15.7 -6.9 2.44 41.0 67.40
2010  148,391,000  3,177,000   907,000  2,269,000 21.4 6.1 15.3 -3.8 2.34 39.0 68.64
2011  150,211,000  3,093,000   919,000  2,174,000 20.6 6.1 14.5 -2.2 2.26 37.2 68.81
2012  152,091,000  3,062,000   893,000  2,169,000 20.1 5.9 14.2 -1.7 2.21 35.6 69.55
2013  154,030,000  3,067,000   921,000  2,146,000 19.9 6.0 13.9 -1.2 2.18 33.9 69.57
2014  155,961,000  3,049,000   919,000  2,130,000 19.5 5.9 13.6 -1.1 2.15 32.4 69.99
2015  157,830,000  3,026,000   912,000  2,114,000 19.2 5.8 13.4 -1.4 2.11 30.9 70.49
2016  159,785,000  3,037,000   900,000  2,137,000 19.0 5.6 13.4 -1.0 2.10 29.4 71.09
2017  161,794,000  2,994,000   881,000  2,113,000 18.5 5.4 13.1 -0.5 2.04 28.0 71.79
2018  163,684,000  3,025,000   859,000  2,166,000 18.5 5.2 13.2 -1.5 2.04 26.6 72.57
2019  165,516,000  3,041,000   875,000  2,166,000 18.4 5.3 13.1 -1.9 2.03 25.2 72.81
2020  167,421,000  3,023,000   974,000  2,049,000 18.1 5.8 12.2 -0.7 2.00 24.0 71.97
2021  169,356,000  3,020,000   962,000  2,057,000 17.8 5.7 12.1 -0.5 1.98 22.9 72.38

Sample vital registration system

[edit]

[17][21]

Year Population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Fertility rate
National
(urban/rural)
1981 87,119,965[22] 3,098,000 1,038,000 2,060,000 34.6 (24.8/35.7) 11.5 (7.2/12.2) 23.1 (17.6/23.5) 5.04 (3.20/5.28)
1982 92,300,000 3,189,000 1,107,000 2,082,000 34.8 (22.9/36.9) 12.2 (6.9/12.8) 22.6 (16.0/24.1) 5.21 (3.01/5.50)
1983 94,300,000 3,280,000 1,163,000 2,117,000 35.0 (27.1/36.4) 12.3 (7.5/13.2) 22.7 (19.6/23.2) 5.07 (3.45/5.36)
1984 96,300,000 3,335,000 1,182,000 2,153,000 34.8 (25.0/36.1) 12.3 (8.5/12.9) 22.5 (16.5/23.2) 4.83 (3.10/5.08)
1985 98,400,000 3,392,000 1,183,000 2,209,000 34.6 (28.0/35.3) 12.0 (8.3/12.9) 22.6 (19.7/22.4) 4.71 (3.52/4.91)
1986 100,500,000 3,448,000 1,183,000 2,265,000 34.4 (25.9/35.4) 12.1 (8.1/12.3) 22.3 (17.8/23.1) 4.70 (3.26/4.89)
1987 102,800,000 3,414,000 1,173,000 2,241,000 33.3 (24.8/34.6) 11.5 (7.6/11.8) 21.8 (17.2/22.8) 4.42 (3.05/4.64)
1988 105,000,000 3,477,000 1,179,000 2,298,000 33.2 (24.9/34.6) 11.3 (7.5/11.9) 21.9 (17.4/22.7) 4.45 (3.08/4.70)
1989 107,400,000 3,531,000 1,196,000 2,335,000 33.0 (24.4/34.5) 11.3 (7.3/11.9) 21.7 (17.1/22.6) 4.35 (2.90/4.59)
1990 109,800,000 3,559,000 1,106,000 2,453,000 32.8 (24.6/34.3) 11.4 (7.8/11.8) 21.4 (16.8/22.5) 4.33 (2.90/4.57)
1991 106,314,992[22] 3,561,000 1,110,000 2,451,000 31.6 (23.9/32.9) 11.2 (7.8/11.5) 20.4 (16.1/21.4) 4.24 (2.89/4.51)
1992 114,400,000 3,455,000 1,139,000 2,316,000 30.8 (23.7/32.2) 11.0 (7.5/11.3) 19.8 (16.2/20.9) 4.18 (2.88/4.33)
1993 116,500,000 3,350,000 1,100,000 2,250,000 28.8 (21.0/30.0) 10.0 (7.2/10.4) 18.8 (13.8/19.6) 3.84 (2.62/4.00)
1994 118,400,000 3,289,000 1,067,000 2,222,000 27.0 (20.2/29.1) 9.3 (7.1/9.3) 17.7 (13.1/19.8) 3.58 (2.58/3.79)
1995 120,200,000 3,228,000 1,007,000 2,221,000 26.5 (19.4/28.5) 8.7 (6.7/9.0) 17.8 (12.7/19.5) 3.45 (2.50/3.78)
1996 122,100,000 3,143,000 989,000 2,154,000 25.6 (19.0/27.8) 8.2 (6.5/8.8) 17.4 (12.5/19.0) 3.41 (2.48/3.76)
1997 123,900,000 2,746,000 719,000 2,027,000 21.0 (16.2/24.5) 5.5 (4.2/6.5) 15.5 (12.0/18.0) 3.10 (2.28/3.32)
1998 125,700,000 2,608,000 652,000 1,956,000 19.9 (14.0/21.0) 5.1 (3.7/5.4) 14.8 (10.3/15.6) 2.98 (2.24/3.00)
1999 127,500,000 2,542,000 649,000 1,893,000 19.2 (13.8/20.9) 5.1 (3.5/5.4) 14.1 (10.3/15.5) 2.64 (1.76/2.91)
2000 129,300,000 2,454,000 640,000 1,814,000 19.0 (13.7/20.8) 4.9 (3.5/5.3) 14.1 (10.2/15.5) 2.59 (1.68/2.89)
2001 124,355,263[22] 2,439,000 638,000 1,801,000 18.9 (13.6/20.7) 4.8 (4.3/5.2) 14.1 (9.3/15.5) 2.56 (1.73/2.84)
2002 132,900,000 2,674,000 679,000 1,995,000 20.1 (16.6/21.0) 5.1 (3.8/5.4) 15.0 (12.8/15.6) 2.55 (1.94/2.69)
2003 134,800,000 2,814,000 783,000 2,031,000 20.9 (17.9/21.7) 5.9 (4.7/6.2) 15.0 (13.2/15.5) 2.57 (1.91/2.70)
2004 136,700,000 2,830,000 794,000 2,036,000 20.8 (17.8/21.6) 5.8 (4.4/6.1) 15.0 (13.4/15.5) 2.51 (1.91/2.67)
2005 138,600,000 2,879,000 823,000 2,056,000 20.7 (17.8/21.7) 5.8 (4.9/6.1) 14.9 (12.9/15.6) 2.46 (1.87/2.65)
2006 140,600,000 2,901,000 789,000 2,112,000 20.6 (17.5/21.7) 5.6 (4.4/6.0) 15.0 (13.1/15.7) 2.41 (1.81/2.63)
2007 142,600,000 2,986,000 792,000 2,194,000 20.9 (17.4/22.1) 6.2 (5.1/6.6) 14.7 (12.3/15.5) 2.39 (1.79/2.61)
2008 144,700,000 3,022,000 885,000 2,137,000 20.5 (17.2/22.4) 6.0 (5.1/6.5) 14.5 (12.1/15.9) 2.30 (1.79/2.60)
2009 146,700,000 2,832,000 842,000 1,990,000 19.4 (16.8/20.4) 5.8 (4.7/6.1) 13.6 (12.1/14.3) 2.15 (1.65/2.28)
2010 148,600,000 2,868,494 842,095 2,026,399 19.2 (17.1/20.1) 5.6 (4.9/5.9) 13.6 (12.2/14.2) 2.12 (1.72/2.26)
2011 150,600,000 2,891,000 828,000 2,063,000 19.2 (17.4/20.2) 5.5 (4.8/5.8) 13.7 (12.6/14.4) 2.11 (1.71/2.25)
2012 152,700,000 2,933,000 826,000 2,107,000 18.9 (17.1/20.0) 5.3 (4.6/5.7) 13.6 (12.5/14.3) 2.12 (1.84/2.30)
2013 154,700,000 19.0 (18.2/19.3) 5.3 (4.6/5.6) 13.7 (13.6/13.7) 2.11 (1.84/2.19)
2014 156,800,000 18.9 (17.2/19.4) 5.2 (4.1/5.6) 13.7 (13.1/13.8) 2.11 (1.77/2.22)
2015 158,900,000 18.8 (16.5/20.3) 5.1 (4.6/5.5) 13.7 (11.9/14.8) 2.10 (1.72/2.30)
2016 160,800,000 18.7 (16.1/20.9) 5.1 (4.2/5.7) 13.6 (11.9/15.2) 2.10 (1.68/2.38)
2017 163,780,000 3,009,950 829,770 2,180,180 18.5 (16.1/20.4) 5.1 (4.2/5.7) 13.4 (11.9/14.7) 2.05 (1.68/2.37)
2018 164,600,000 18.3 (16.1/20.1) 5.0 (4.4/5.4) 13.3 (11.7/14.7) 2.05 (1.68/2.38)
2019 166,500,000 18.1 (15.9/20.0) 4.9 (4.4/5.4) 13.2 (11.5/14.6) 2.04 (1.67/2.37)
2020 168,220,000 3,040,667 852,254 2,188,413 18.1 (15.3/20.4) 5.1 (4.9/5.2) 13.0 (10.4/15.2) 2.04 (1.66/2.37)
2021 170,260,000 18.8 (16.4/19.5) 5.7 (4.8/6.0) 13.1 (11.6/13.5) 2.05 (1.66/2.18)
2022 169,828,911[23] 19.8 (16.6/20.8) 5.8 (5.1/6.0) 14.0 (11.5/14.8) 2.20 (1.71/2.37)
2023 2.17

Total fertility rate

[edit]

Total fertility rate by divisions in 2020

[edit]
Division TFR (total fertility rate) Crude birth rate Death rate
Mymensingh 2.69 21.8 5.0
Barishal 2.07 17.7 5.2
Chittagong 2.36 21.6 5.3
Dhaka 1.71 15.8 4.5
Rajshahi 1.99 16.8 5.4
Rangpur 2.11 18.2 5.2
Sylhet 1.94 17.7 5.3
Khulna 1.98 17.1 5.0

Demographic and Health Surveys

[edit]

[24]

Year(s) Total fertility rate (TFR)
1993–94 3.4
1996–97 3.3
1999–2000 3.3
2004 3.0
2007 2.7
2011 2.3
2014 2.3
2017–18 2.3
2022 2.3

Life expectancy at birth

[edit]
Life expectancy in Bangladesh since 1876
Life expectancy in Bangladesh since 1960 by gender
Total population: 72.7 years (2018)[25]
Male: 71.1 years
Female: 74.4 years
Period Life expectancy in
Years 		Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 40.7 1985–1990 57.0
1955–1960 44.2 1990–1995 60.0
1960–1965 47.2 1995–2000 63.7
1965–1970 49.3 2000–2005 66.7
1970–1975 46.3 2005–2010 69.1
1975–1980 52.2 2010–2015 71.2
1980–1985 54.3

Source: UN World Population Prospects[26]

Ethnic group

[edit]

The vast majority (about 99%) of Bangladeshis are of the Bengali ethno-linguistic group. This group also spans the neighbouring Indian province of West Bengal. Minority ethnic groups include Meitei, Tripuri, Marma, Tanchangya, Barua, Khasi, Santhals, Chakma, Rakhine, Garo, Biharis, Oraons, and Mundas.

Biharis are Urdu-speaking, non-Bengalis who emigrated from the state of Bihar and other parts of northern India during the 1947 partition. They are concentrated in the Dhaka and Rangpur areas and number some 300,000.[27][28] In the 1971 independence war many of them sided with Pakistan, as they stood to lose their positions in the upper levels of society.[29] Hundreds of thousands went to Pakistan and those that remained were interned in refugee camps. Their population declined from about 1 million in 1971 to 600,000 in the late 1980s.[29] Refugees International has called them a "neglected and stateless" people as they are denied citizenship by the governments of Bangladesh and Pakistan.[30] As nearly 40 years has passed, two generations of Biharis have been born in these camps. Biharis were granted Bangladeshi citizenship and voting rights in 2008.[31]

Bangladesh's tribal population was enumerated at 897,828 in the 1981 census.[29] These tribes are concentrated in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and around Mymensingh, Sylhet, and Rajshahi. They are of Sino-Tibetan descent and differ markedly in their social customs, religion, language and level of development. They speak Tibeto-Burman languages and most are Buddhist or Hindu.[29] The four largest tribes are Chakmas, Marmas, Tipperas, Tanchangya, and Mros. Smaller groups include the Santals in Rajshahi and Dinajpur, and Khasis, Garos, and Khajons in Mymensingh and Sylhet regions.[29]

There are small communities of Meitei people (alias Manipuri people) in the Sylhet district, which is close to the Meitei homeland across the border in Manipur, India.[32][33]

There is a large population of Rohingya refugees from Myanmar near the border in the southeast. There are 28,000 living in two UN refugee camps in Cox's Bazar as well as some 200,000 "unregistered people of concern" living outside of the camps.[34] The refugee crisis originated in the early 1990s when the first wave numbering some 250,000 of the predominantly Muslim ethnic group fled persecution from their home in Rakhaine—Myanmar's westernmost state. Bangladesh seeks to repatriate the refugees back to Myanmar.[35] Since 2017, there are approximately 1.1 million Rohingya refugees living in Bangladesh.

Languages

[edit]
Languages of Bangladesh (2022)[36]
Bengali
 
 99%
Others
 
 1%
Main articles: Languages of Bangladesh and Meitei language in Bangladesh

Bangladesh has 44 indigenous languages according to Professor Shameem Reza.[42]

According to the Ethnologue, there are 36 indigenous living languages, which include 17 Sino-Tibetan, 10 Indo-European, 7 Austro-Asiatic and 2 Dravidian languages.[37]

Religion

[edit]
See also: Religion in Bangladesh, Islam in Bangladesh, Hinduism in Bangladesh, Buddhism in Bangladesh, and Christianity in Bangladesh
Population trends for major religious groups in Bangladesh (1951–2022)
Islam Hinduism Buddhism Christianity Other religions/
No religion
1951[43]
76.9%
22.0%
0.7%
0.3%
0.1%
1961[43]
80.4%
18.5%
0.7%
0.3%
0.1%
1974[43]
85.4%
13.5%
0.6%
0.2%
0.2%
1981[43]
86.6%
12.1%
0.6%
0.3%
0.3%
1991[43]
88.3%
10.5%
0.6%
0.3%
0.3%
2001[44]
89.7%
9.2%
0.7%
0.3%
0.1%
2011[45]
90.4%
8.5%
0.6%
0.4%
0.1%
2022[12]
91.0%
8.0%
0.6%
0.3%
0.1%
Bangladesh religious diversity as per 2022 census[12][46][47]
Religion Population
Muslims ()
150,360,404
Hindus ()
13,130,109
Buddhists ()
1,007,467
Christians ()
495,475
Others
198,190
Total
165,158,616

Bangladesh has a population of 165,158,616 as per 2022 census.[12]

Religions in Bangladesh (2022 census)[48]
Religion Percent
Muslims
 
 91.04%
Hindus
 
 7.94%
Buddhism
 
 0.60%
Christians
 
 0.31%
Others
 
 0.11%

Migration

[edit]

Immigration

[edit]

According to the United Nations, there were 1,500,921 international migrants in Bangladesh in 2017. Estimation shows that over 1 million Rohingya Muslim refugees live in Bangladesh have arrived during the ongoing Rohingya genocide in Myanmar.[49] On 28 September 2018, at the 73rd United Nations General Assembly, Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina said there are 1.1-1.3 million Rohingya refugees now in Bangladesh.[50][51]

Their most common countries of origin were as follows:

International migrants in Bangladesh in 2017
 Myanmar
(Rohingya refugees)		 1,300,000
 Malaysia 208,406
 China 166,646
 Afghanistan 156,500
 Laos 90,253
 United States 47,103
   Nepal 39,988
 India 35,250
 United Kingdom 34,266
 Bahrain 30,877
 Vietnam 28,176
 Norway 20,109
Source: United Nations[52]

The United Nations has estimated the Bangladesh diaspora as 4,499,919 people with the greatest migration to the following countries:

International migrants from Bangladesh in 2017
 Saudi Arabia 1,377,072
 United Arab Emirates 1,044,505
 Kuwait 381,669
 Malaysia 365,600
 Oman 276,518
 Great Britain 228,353
 United States 279,021
 Qatar 183,386
 Italy 100,743
 Singapore 83,279
 Bahrain 80,457
 Canada 65,698
 Australia 48,888
 Maldives 38,620
Source: United Nations[52]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Population and Demography Explorer - Bangladesh". Our World in Data. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  2. ^ https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/population-and-demography?showSelectionOnlyInTable=1&hideControls=false&Metric=Population+growth+rate&Sex=Both+sexes&Age+group=Total&Projection+Scenario=None&country=~BGD
  3. ^ United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024, Online Edition.
  4. ^ "Population and Demography Explorer - Birth Rate in Bangladesh". Our World in Data. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
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[edit]
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